Whipping boy
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¿Õ½Ç¿¡¼ ȲÅÂÀÚ°¡ À߸øÀ» ÇÏ¸é ¶§¸®±â À§ÇØ ÇÑ ¾ÆÀ̸¦ µ¥¸®°í ÀÖ¾ú´Ù´Â »ç½ÇÀº ¿ì¸®¿¡°Ô´Â Á» ÀǾÆÇÏ°Ô µé¸°´Ù. ÇÏÁö¸¸ ÀÌ °üÇàÀº ½ÇÁ¦ ¹ú¾îÁ³´ø ÀÏ·Î ¡®Whipping Boy¡¯´Â 15¼¼±â¿Í 16¼¼±â Tudor¿Í Stuart ±ºÁÖÁ¦ ½Ã´ë¿¡ ¿µ±¹ ¿Õ½Ç¿¡¼ ½ÇÁ¦ Á¸ÀçÇÏ´ø ÁöÀ§¿´´Ù. ±×·±µ¥ ½ÇÁ¦ µé¸®´Â °Íó·³ ±×·¸°Ô ¸Å¿ì ³ª»Û °ÍÀº ¾Æ´Ï¾ú´Ù. ¡®whipping boys¡¯´Â °í¹®À» ¹Þ´Â ÀλýÀ» »ê ºÒ½ÖÇÑ °Å¸®ÀÇ ºÎ¶û¾Æ°¡ ¾Æ´Ï°í ¿ÕÀÚ¿Í Ä£ÇÑ ¸í¹®°¡ÀÇ Ä£±¸µé·Î ¿ÕÀÚ¿Í ÇÔ²² ±³À°À» ¹Þ°í ¿Õ½ÇÀÇ Æ¯Çý¸¦ ÇÔ²² °øÀ¯ÇÏ¿´´ø ¾ÆÀ̵éÀ̾ú´Ù. ´Ù¸¸ ºÎÁ¤ÀûÀÎ Ãø¸éÀÌ ¹Ù·Î ¿ÕÀÚ°¡ À߸øÀ» ÇÏ¸é ¹ú¹Þ´Â °ÍÀ̾ú´ø °ÍÀÌ´Ù. À̰ÍÀº ¿ÕÀÚ¿¡°Ô ÁÖ´Â ¹úÀÇ ÀÏÁ¾À¸·Î ±×°¡ °ü½É °¡Á®¾ß ÇÒ ´©±º°¡°¡ ¹Þ´Â °íÅëÀ» ÅëÇØ ±×°¡ ±ú´Ýµµ·Ï ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ̾ú´Ù.
ÀÌ·± ´Ù¼Ò ÀÌ»óÇÑ °³³äÀº ÀüÈÄ »çÁ¤¿¡ µé¾î°¡¼ º¸¸é ÀÌÇØÇϱ⠽¬¿öÁø´Ù. ¿Õ±Ç½Å¼ö¼³¿¡ ÀÇÇϸé ÇÕ¹ýÀûÀÎ ¿ÕµéÀº ½Å¿¡ ÀÇÇØ Áö¸íµÇ°í ±×·¡¼ ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ÀÏ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¼³¸íÀÇ ´ë»óÀº ¿À·ÎÁö ½Å¿¡°Ô¸¸ °¡´ÉÇÏ¿´´Ù. ÀÌ¿¡ ´ëÇØ¼ 'The Wisest Fool in Christendom'·Îµµ ¾Ë·ÁÁø James I¼¼´Â 1609³â 'Speech Before Parliament'¸¦ ÅëÇØ ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ °øÇ¥Çϱ⵵ Çß´Ù.
"The state of monarchy is the supremest thing upon earth; for kings are not only God's lieutenants upon earth, and sit upon God's throne, but even by God himself they are called Gods."
´ë´ÜÇÑ ³í¶õÀÇ ´ë»óÀÌ µÇ¾ú°í ¿µ±¹ ³»ÀüÀÇ ±Ùº» ¿øÀÎÀÌ µÇ±âµµ ÇßÁö¸¸ ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ¹ÏÀ½Àº ´ç½Ã ¿Õ½Ç¿¡¼´Â ´ç¿¬ÇÑ °ÍÀ¸·Î ¹Þ¾Æµé¿©Á³¾ú´Ù. ½ÉÁö¾î ±ºÁÖ¸¦ ¸¸Áö´Â °ÍÀº ¿©ÀüÈ÷ ±×·¸±âµµ ÇÏÁö¸¸ ´ç½Ã¿¡µµ ºÎµµ´öÇÑ °ÍÀ¸·Î °£ÁֵǾú´Ù. µû¶ó¼ James ¿ÕÀÇ ¾ÆµéÀÌÀÚ °è½ÂÀÚ¿´´ø Charles ¿Õ¿¡°Ô ±×ÀÇ °¡Á¤±³»çµéÀÌ ±³À°À» ÇÏ¸é¼ ¶§¸®´Â ¹úÀ» ³»¸± ¼ö ¾ø¾ú´Ù´Â °ÍÀº ³î¶ö Àϵµ ¾Æ´Ï´Ù. Charles ¿ÕÀÇ whipping boy´Â ±×¿Í °¡Àå Ä£ÇÑ Ä£±¸¿´´ø William Murray·Î 1715³â Gilbert Burnet°¡ ¾´ History of his own time¿¡ º¸¸é ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ ±â·ÏµÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù.
"William Murray of the bed-chamber, that had been whipping boy to King Charles the first."
¸»³â¿¡ Murray´Â ±×°¡ ¾î¸± ¶§ ´ë½Å ¸Â¾Ò´ø °ÍÀÌ °ª¾îÄ¡°¡ ÀÖ¾ú´ø °ÍÀÌ µÇ¾ú´Âµ¥ 1626³â ´ë±È°°ÀÌ À¸¸®À¸¸®ÇÑ Ham House·Î À̻縦 °¥ ¼ö ÀÖ¾ú°í 1643³â¿¡´Â Charles ¿ÕÀÌ ±×¸¦ 1st. Earl of Dysart¶ó´Â ÀÛÀ§¸¦ ³»·È´ø °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
'whipping boy'°¡ ÃÖÃÊ·Î ±â·ÏµÈ °ÍÀº Charles I¼¼ÀÇ ÀçÀ§±â°£À¸·Î John TrappÀÌ A commentary or exposition upon the five books of Moses¿¡ ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ ±â·ÏÇÑ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
"Rebuke before all: yet not as if they were whipping boyes."
ÀÌ °ü¿ë±¸°¡ ½ÇÁ¦·Î ¿ì´Â ¾ÆÀÌ ´ë½Å¿¡ Èñ»ýÀÚ¶ó´Â ¶æÀÇ ¾Ï½ÃÀûÀ¸·Î ¾²ÀÎ °ÍÀº ±×º¸´Ù ÈξÀ ÀÌÈÄ·Î 1857³â 10¿ù The Times¿¡ ´ÙÀ½°ú °°Àº ±â»ç°¡ °ÔÀçµÈ´Ù.
"Or will the public have still reason to say that M. Migdeon, even supposing all that has been brought against him true, is merely the whipping boy?"
±×·±µ¥ ¡®scapegoat¡¯ ¿ª½Ã ±× ÀÚü·Î Èï¹Ì·Î¿î ´Ü¾îÀε¥ 'whipping boy'¿Í ºñ½ÁÇÑ ±â¿øÀ» °¡Áö°í ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ ´Ü¾î´Â ¼º¼°¡ ±â¿øÀ¸·Î 1530³â´ë Tyndale's Bible¿¡ µîÀåÇÑ´Ù. ¸ð¼¼ÀÇ ÀÇ·ÊÀÎ ¼ÓÁËÀÇ ³¯(Day of Atonement)¿¡ ´Ù¸¥ ÇÑ ¸¶¸®´Â Èñ»ýÀ¸·Î Á×ÀÓÀ» ´çÇÏ´Â ¹Ý¸é µÎ ¸¶¸® ¿°¼Ò Áß ÇÑ ¸¶¸®´Â ¾ß»ýÀ¸·Î »ì·Á¼ º¸³»´Âµ¥ À̰ÍÀº »ç¶÷µéÀÇ Á˸¦ »ó¡ÀûÀ¸·Î ÀǹÌÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ̾ú´Ù. ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ³»¿ëÀº ¼º¼ ·¹À§±â XVI¿¡ ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ µîÀåÇÑ´Ù.
And he shall take the two goats, and present them before the Lord at the door of the tabernacle of the congregation.
And Aaron shall cast lots upon the two goats; one lot for the Lord, and the other lot for the scapegoat.
(source: http://www.phrases.org.uk/meanings/whipping-boy.html)
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