잉글리쉬쇼핑

수동태 - 시제, 4형식, 5형식

• 3. 수동태의 시제
  
  * Jack builds the house.
  → The house is built by Jack. (현재)
  
  * Jack built the house.
  → The house was built by Jack. (과거)
  
  * Jack will build the house.
  → The house will be built by Jack. (미래)
  
  ◇인칭에 따라 will, shall을 정한다.
  
  △He will catch me. (단순미래)
  → I shall be caught by him.
  
  I will do it. (의지미래)
  → It shall be done (by me)
  
  * Jack has built the house. (현재완료)
  → The house has been built by Jack.
  
  * Jack had built the house.
  → The house had been built by Jack. (과거완료)
  
  * Jack will have built the house.
  → The house will have been built by Jack. (미래완료)
  
  * Jack is building the house.
  → The house is being built by Jack. (진행형)
  
  * Jack can build the house.
  → The house can be built by Jack. (조동사)
  
  
  
  4. 4형식의 수동태
  
  ◇4형식의 문장은 대개 간접목적어를 주어로 하든지, 직접목적어를 주어로 하여 두개의 수동태가 가능하다. 4형식의 수동태는 3형식의 문장이다.
  
  * Tom gave me the book. (4형식)
  → I was given the book by Tom. (직.목을 주어로, 3형식)
  → The book was given me by Tom. (간.목을 주어로, 3형식)
  → The book was given to me by Tom. (1형식)
  
  ①I.O가 보류목적어가 될 때 : 일반적으로 I.O이 보류목적어가 될 땐 그 앞에 전치사 to, for, of 등을 사용.(S + V + I.O + D.O → S + V + D.O + pre +I.O)
  
  to 사용동사 : send, tell, lend, give, offer, bring, owe, teach, show, write, read, 등...
  
  for 사용동사: buy, make, find, choose, get, cook, build 등...
  
  of 사용동사: ask, inquire, require 등...
  
  △A letter was sent (to) me by him.
  
  A watch was bought for me by him.
  
  Some questions were asked of me by him.
  
  ② D.O만 수동태의 주어로 하는 동사 : write, make, get, bring, carry, send, throw, pass, hand, read, sell, sing, do 등의 동사는 D.O만 수동태의 주어가 될 수 있음.
  
  △She made me a doll. → A doll was made for me by her.
  
  I wrote him a letter. → A letter was written him by me.
  
  ③ I.O만 수동태의 주어로 하는 동사 : envy, call, kiss, answer, save, spare 등은 I.O만 수동태의 주어가 됨.
  
  △They envied him his luck. → He was envied his luck by them.
  
  
  
  5. 5형식의 수동태
  
  * They elected him chairman. (5형식)
  → He was elected chairman (by them). (2형식)
  
  ◇5형식 → 2형식 수동태로 바꾸는데 있어 지각, 사역동사가 쓰이면 목적보어는 원형부정사를 쓴다.
  
  △I saw him enter the room.
  → He was seen to enter the room by me.
  
  * 일반인을 나타내는 we, you, one, they, people, someone, somebody 등은 수동태에서는 보통 생략하며, 보어는 주어가 될 수 없다.
  
  
  
  6. 5종 기본형식문 (Active ↔ Passive)
  
  Active Voice → Passive Voice
  
  (형식) (형식)
  [+1] Spring has come. ｢없음｣
  
  [+2] It is warm in spring. ｢없음｣
  
  [+3] He wrote this book. → [-1] This book was written by him.
  
  [+4] He told me the story. → [-1] The story was told me by him.
  (능동태 직접목적어를 주어로 한 것)
  
  [-3] I was told the story by him.
  (능동태 간접목적을 주어로 한 것)
  
  [+5] People elected him president. → [-2] He was elected president by people.